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White collar crimes, criminal charges, & police matter

Wentworth legal team's Media coverage & successful cases 

ABC News, Dec 26, 2013

Advised NOT GUILTY to arson offence and aggravated assault.

Result – successfully negotiated with police for charges dropped and obtained s9 with good behaviour bond.  Two arrested over karaoke bar fire in Sydney's inner west More than 40 firefighters on six trucks were called in to put out the blaze at Karaoke Bar (AEDT).  
 

Sydney Morning Herald, Apr 18, 2017

Advised appeal to Man responding to flatmate ad sexually assaulted.

Man responding to flatmate ad sexually assaulted.  

Sydney Morning Herlad, October 2020

Advised a  reasonable prospect of success on bail application for the offences committed 

 Practice areas
 

  • Homicide  (Murder, Manslaughter, attempt to murder)
     

  • Drug offences  (Importation, Trafficking, Possession, Manufacturing, Supplying)
     

  • Violence (AVO, Assault causing bodily harm, Break and enter, Robbery & Stealing)
     

  • Sexual office  (Sexual assault, Aggravated assault, Consent)
     

  • Bail application  (Local court and complex supreme court application)
     

  • Corporate  (Stealing, Deception, Unauthorised access to information and data)
     

  • Traffic offences (Drink driving, drive while suspended and cancelled)
     

  • Appeal application (Sentence, Severity, Conviction appeal)

Need an urgent legal advice?

call 1300 140 291 or admin@wentworthlaw.com.au

 

We are one of the trusted lawyers for those faces difficult times with prosecution charges.

  • Homicide  (Murder, Manslaughter, attempt to murder)
     

  • Drug offences  (Importation, Trafficking, Possession, Manufacturing, Supplying)
     

  • Violence (AVO, Assault causing bodily harm, Break and enter, Robbery & Stealing)
     

  • Sexual office  (Sexual assault, Aggravated assault, Consent)
     

  • Bail application  (Local court and complex supreme court application)
     

  • Corporate  (Stealing, Deception, Unauthorised access to information and data)
     

  • Traffic offences (Drink driving, drive while suspended and cancelled)
     

  • Appeal application (Sentence, Severity, Conviction appeal)

CONTACT US

1300 140 291 / admin@wentworthlaw.com.au

Level 10-11, 20 Martin Place, Sydney NSW 2000 

Wentworth criminal lawyers 

温特沃斯刑事律师团队

温特沃斯刑事律师团队是澳大利亚最优秀、最成功的律师之一。
该团队专注于刑事辩护,从交通违法、普通袭击等简单的地方法院案件到地区和最高法院的复杂和严重的联邦刑事犯罪,如国际毒品犯罪、洗钱和凶杀案。 

媒体报道&成功案例 

ABC 新闻,2013 年 12 月 26 日

建议对纵火罪和严重袭击罪无罪。

结果 – 成功与警方协商撤销指控,并以良好的行为保证获得 s9。  两人因悉尼内西区卡拉 OK 酒吧火灾被捕 6 辆卡车上的 40 多名消防员被召集到卡拉 OK 酒吧 (AEDT) 扑灭大火。  
 

悉尼先驱晨报,2017 年 4 月 18 日

建议呼吁男子回应室友性侵犯的广告。

回应室友广告的男子遭到性侵犯。  

悉尼晨报,2020 年 10 月

建议 a  就所犯罪行申请保释的合理成功前景 


 

  • Homicide (谋杀、过失杀人、谋杀未遂)

  • 毒品犯罪 (进口、贩运、持有、制造、供应)

  • 暴力(AVO、造成身体伤害的袭击、破门而入、抢劫和偷窃)

  • 性办公室 (性侵犯,严重侵犯,同意)

  • 保释申请 (地方法院和复杂的最高法院申请)

  • Corporate (窃取、欺骗、未经授权访问信息和数据)

  • 交通违法行为(酒后驾驶、暂停驾驶和取消驾驶)

  • 上诉申请(刑罚、严重程度、定罪上诉)

成功案例 

  1. 建议 GUILTY 持有和使用违禁药物。
    结果 - 成功获得 s10,行为良好。
     

  2. 建议 GUILTY 在机场拥有儿童色情制品。结果 – 成功获得 s9 和良好的行为保证金。
     

  3. 建议对盗窃罪认罪。

    结果 - 成功获得 s10,行为良好。

  4. 为 GUILTY 提供严重身体伤害的严重刑事攻击的建议。

    结果 – 凭借良好的行为纽带,成功减刑为社区服务。  

  5. 建议对公司作为一个团体的严重攻击无罪。

    结果 - 成功为案件辩护,无罪,所有指控均被驳回。

  6. 建议无罪参与有组织的犯罪集团,洗钱。

    结果——成功为案件辩护,无罪,所有指控均被驳回。
     

  7. 建议对一系列性侵犯指控无罪。 
    结果 - 成功辩护且无罪,所有指控均被驳回。

  8. 因伪造公共文件和背信弃义而被判入狱周末的刑事上诉。 

    结果——成功解除了周末的监禁判决。
     

  9. 为 GUILTY 伪造挑战联邦主权的公共文件提供建议。

    结果 - 成功将刑期从 5 年减至 2 年。 
     

  10. 刑事定罪上诉记录

    结果——成功撤销定罪“撤销”
     

  11. 建议对普通攻击无罪。
    结果——与警方成功交涉,撤回指控。

     

  12. 为多项交通违法行为提供 GUILTY 的建议,面临严重的监禁。

    结果——成功战胜牢狱之灾,获得有条件释放

    下达订单

     

白领犯罪

 这些案例说明了白领犯罪的严重性和惩罚的目的。 为给定的欺诈犯罪确定适当刑罚的起点是每个要素相关罪行、其罪行的最高刑罚以及其他加重和减轻罪行的因素。

  1. 在 McMahon v R [2011] 中,法官 Hoeben 指出社区现在非常严肃地看待白领犯罪,考虑到这样一个事实:犯罪很容易,但追查起来既困难又昂贵:见 [83]。
     

  2. 在 R v Hinchliffe [2013] NSWCCA 327 [279] 一案中; R v Glynatsis (2013) 230 A Crim R 99 at [73]–[76],法院认为,在严重的白领犯罪案件中,最好通过处以全日制监禁来达到惩罚的目的而不是密集的修正命令。 
     

  3. McCallum 法官在 R v Curtis (No 3) [2016] NSWSC 866 [51] 中指出;一般威慑是另一回事。在某些情况下,惩罚作为威慑他人的效力受到质疑;在某种程度上,我也有同样的疑虑。  然而,在我看来,在白领犯罪的情况下,判处监禁的处罚对其他人具有真正的威慑作用。在白领犯罪领域,也许比其他任何领域都更多,犯罪往往是由来自特权背景、受过良好教育的人自由做出的选择,是出于贪婪而不是贫穷、精神疾病或成瘾的更有害影响。其他社区。被送进监狱的威胁,如果它被视为真正的威胁,并且没有一个法官会毫不犹豫地强制执行,则可能会对商界男女产生强大的威慑作用。

     

普遍适用于欺诈指控的因素

  1. 涉及的金额(R v Hawkins (1989) 45 A Crim R 430, R v Mungomery (2004) 151 A Crim R 376 at [40], R v Woodman [2001] NSWCCA 310, R v Finnie [2002] NSWCCA 533 [59])。
     

  2. 犯下罪行的时间长度:R v Pont (2000) 121 A Crim R 302 at [74], [75], R v Mungomery (2004) 151 A Crim R 376 at [40]。
     

  3. 犯罪动机是什么:R v Mears (1991) 53 A Crim R 141 at 145,R v Hill [2004] NSWCCA 257 at [6],R v Woodman [2001] NSWCCA 310 at [29]。
     

  4. 计划和复杂程度:R v Mille (unrep, 1/5/98, NSWCCA), R v Pont (2000) 121 A Crim R 302 at [43]–[44], R v Murtaza [2001] NSWCCA 336在 [15]。
     

  5. 伴随的信任违约:R v El-Rashid (unrep, 7/4/95, NSWCCA), R v Pont (2000) 121 A Crim R 302, R v Hawkins (1989) 45 A Crim R 430。


公司董事失信案件;
  1. 在 R v Pantano (1990) 49 A Crim R 328,第 330 页,法官 Wood 表达了这样一种观点,即那些参与严重白领犯罪的人必须期待有条件的判决。商业世界期望身居要职的高管和员工,无论他们多么年轻,都能够遵守严格的诚实标准……屈服于诱惑的高管和受信任的员工不能将责任归咎于管理层的安全松懈。一般威慑要素是对此类罪行进行量刑的重要要素。
     
  2. R v Houghton [2000] NSWCCA 62.  在本案中,公司董事涉及欺诈性使用公司财产的行为。根据 1900 年第 173 条犯罪法,一名罪犯因 26 项罪名被定罪。他的刑期被确认为 18 个月的非假释期,剩余期限为 6 个月。 Barr 法官在本案中与 Fitzgerald JA 和 Abadee J 在 [19] 中说:“对涉及此类严重和持续违反信任的犯罪行为的判决必须足以阻止他人犯罪,尤其是因为它们很难被发现” .
     
  3. R v Law (unrep, 7/10/93, NSWCCA) 涉及 1900 年第 176A 条《犯罪法》下的罪行,罪犯是一名公司董事,诈骗客户和保险公司 180,000 美元。  他的刑期为两年零六个月,余下的刑期为 18 个月。本案中的一名法官参考了 R v Pantano (1990) 49 A Crim R 328 和 R v Halabi (unrep, 17/2/92, NSWCCA) 等白领犯罪案件中违反信任的原则,Jjustice Carruthers 总结道考虑到犯罪情节的客观严重性,长期监禁是不可避免的。
     
  4. 在 R v Giam (No 2) (1999) 案中,Dunford 法官指出,根据 1900 年犯罪法(已废除)第 176A 条,法院过去提请注意白领犯罪的严重性,以及根据 176A 条在特别是,因为它不仅涉及欺诈,而且还违反作为公司董事所涉及的信任。此类罪行需要重判,尤其是在通过欺诈手段获得的数额巨大的情况下。
常见和频繁出现的费用
突击

攻击是指一个人故意或鲁莽地对另一个人使用武力或威胁对另一个人使用武力,导致另一个人害怕立即遭受暴力。武力包括敲打、击打、推动、触摸或未经当事人同意而施加任何武力。用力的大小和人是否确实受过伤无关紧要。 

袭击类型 - 澳大利亚的五 (5) 种主要袭击指控类型,包括:

  1. 普通攻击;

  2. 袭击造成身体伤害;

  3. 严重的身体伤害和 

  4. 伤人

  5. 跟踪和恐吓 

 

犯罪的性质、伤害程度和受害人的身份可能是决定提出何种指控的一个因素。

 

普通攻击- 根据《1900 年犯罪法》(新南威尔士州)第 61 条,一个人如果被判有罪,将被判处最高 2 年的监禁。

如果您未经同意威胁他人或对他人使用武力,或者受害人因使用武力而受轻伤,则可对您提起普通人身攻击指控。 

 

对使用武力的威胁可以随着时间的推移而持续,只要受害者心中的恐惧是直接的并且持续的。在 Zanker v Vartzokas (1988) 34 A Crim R 11 中,受害人(一名妇女)接受了一辆货车的搭便车,拒绝了司机提出的金钱换取性好处的提议。被告威胁受害人,并声称他会带她去他朋友家,“他会收拾你”。受害人担心自己会遭到殴打,从移动的货车上跳下,身体受伤。问题是“不确定的未来”中的威胁是否构成袭击。法院裁定,只要她被被告监禁,受害人心中的恐惧就会立即并持续存在。威胁是否指的是那个特定时刻并不重要。

 

可以在视线之外制造威胁,只要它能让受害者意识到眼前的危险。在 Barton v Armstrong [1976] AC 104 案中,被告威胁要通过电话杀死原告。法院认为,在视线之外进行的攻击可能构成直接伤害。

 

袭击造成身体伤害 - 根据《1900 年犯罪法》(新南威尔士州)第 59 条,任何人如果被判有罪,最高可被判处 5 年监禁。

如果袭击的受害者遭受瘀伤或擦伤等伤害,则可以对您提出袭击造成身体伤害的指控。在这项指控下,对受害人造成的实际伤害是值得关注的。此类伤害必须严重到需要医疗或请假的程度。在 R v Donovan [1934] 2 KB 498 中,伤害不必是永久性的,但必须不仅仅是“短暂和微不足道的”。短期精神疾病是可以识别的。但是,恐惧和恐慌等情绪不会被视为临床状况的证据。 

 

如果袭击的受害者遭受非常严重的伤害,则可以对您提出严重的身体伤害指控。这种伤害包括失去器官的明显部分、永久性毁容以及如果不及时治疗会导致死亡或永久性伤害。根据 1900 年犯罪法第 4 条,导致某人感染严重身体疾病也被视为一种严重身体伤害,例如性传播疾病。

 

根据《1900 年犯罪法》(新南威尔士州)第 35 条,任何人如果被判鲁莽造成严重身体伤害,最高可被判处 10 年监禁。如果某人因意图对他人造成严重身体伤害而被判有罪,则该人将被判处最高 25 年的监禁。

什么是伤人? - 根据《1900 年犯罪法》(新南威尔士州)第 35 条,任何人如果被判鲁莽伤害罪名成立,最高可被判处 7 年监禁。如果某人因意图伤害他人而被判有罪,则该人将被判处最高 25 年的监禁。

 如果殴打导致皮肤破损并导致流血,则可以对您提出非法伤害指控。在 R v Hooper [2004] NSWCCA 10 案中,伤害的结果可能非常轻微。根据 R v Shepherd [2003] NSWCCA 351 的规定,使用武器不是这项指控的必要考虑因素。

 

什么是跟踪和恐吓? - 根据《1900 年犯罪法》(新南威尔士州)第 59 条,任何人如果被判有罪,最高可被判处 5 年监禁。

如果一个人跟踪或恐吓另一个意图引起 the  的人,他或她将被判有罪别人 害怕身体或精神上的伤害。这包括让这个人害怕对与他或她有 a  的另一个人造成身体或精神伤害家庭关系.对于家庭暴力问题,法院可以下达两项命令,即逮捕家庭暴力令和逮捕人身暴力令。

Five (5) main types of assault charges in Australia including:

  1. Common assault;

  2. Assault occasioning bodily harm;

  3. Grievous bodily harm and 

  4. Wounding

  5. Stalking and intimidation 
     

Common assault - Under the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) s61, a person if found guilty, shall be liable to imprisonment for a maximum of 2 years.

A common assault charge can be laid against you if you threaten another person or used force on another person without consent, or the victim received a minor injury due to the application of force. 

 

A threat to the use of force can continue over time, as long as the fear in the victim’s mind is immediate and continuing. In Zanker v Vartzokas (1988) 34 A Crim R 11, the victim (a woman) who has accepted a lift in a van refused an offer by the driver of money for sexual favours. The defendant threatened the victim and claimed that he will bring her to his friend’s house and ‘he will fix you up’. The victim feared that she would be assaulted and jumped off from the moving van, suffering bodily injury. The issue was whether the threat in an ‘indefinite future’ constitute assault. The court decided that the fear in the victim’s mind was immediate and continuing, as long as she was imprisoned by the defendant. It does not matter whether the threat was referring to that specific moment.

 

A threat can be made out of sight, as long as it leads the victim to apprehend an immediate danger. In Barton v Armstrong [1976] AC 104, the defendant threatened to kill the plaintiff through the phone. The court held that assault made out of sight may amount to immediate harm.

 

Assault occasioning bodily harm - Under the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) s59, a person if found guilty, shall be liable to imprisonment for the maximum of 5 years.

An Assault occasioning bodily harm charge can be laid against you if the victim of the assault suffered from an injury such as bruises or scratches. Under this charge, the actual harm done to the victim is to be concerned. Such injury has to be severe enough to required medical treatment or time off from work. In R v Donovan [1934] 2 KB 498, the injury need not be permanent but must be more than ‘transient and trifling’. Short term psychiatric illness is recognizable. However, emotions like fear and panic would not be considered as evidence of the clinical condition. 

 

A grievous bodily harm charge can be laid against you if the victim of the attack suffered from very serious injury. Such injury included losing a distinct part of organ, permanent disfigurement and causing death or permanent injury if left untreated. According to s4 of the Crimes Act 1900, causing a person to contract a grievous bodily disease is also considered as a kind of grievous bodily harm, such as sexually transmitted disease.

 

Under the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) s35, a person if found guilty of inflicting reckless grievous bodily harm, shall be liable to imprisonment for the maximum of 10 years. If a person is found guilty of intending to inflict grievous bodily harm on others, that person shall be liable to imprisonment for a maximum of 25 years.

What is wounding? - Under the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) s35, a person if found guilty of inflicting reckless wounding, shall be liable to imprisonment for the maximum of 7 years. If a person is found guilty of intending to wound others, that person shall be liable to imprisonment for a maximum of 25 years.

 An unlawful wounding charge can be laid against you if the assault caused breakage of the skin and results in bleeding. In R v Hooper [2004] NSWCCA 10, the results of wounding can be a very minor one. Use of weapon is not a necessary consideration in this charge as provided in R v Shepherd [2003] NSWCCA 351.

 

What is stalking and intimidation? - Under the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) s59, a person if found guilty, shall be liable to imprisonment for the maximum of 5 years.

A person would be guilty of an offence if he or she stalks or intimidates another person intending to cause the other person to fear physical or mental harm. That includes causing the person to fear physical or mental harm to another person with whom he or she has a domestic relationship. Regarding a domestic violence issue, the court can make two orders, which are apprehended domestic violence orders and apprehended personal violence orders.

White collar & Coporate crimes

The seriousness of the white-collar crime and the purpose of punishment. 

The starting point in determining an appropriate sentence for a given fraud offence is each element of relevant offence, maximum sentence for its offence and other aggravating and mitigating factors of the crime.

  1. In McMahon v R [2011], Justice Hoeben noted that the community now views white collar crime very seriously, having regard to the fact that it is easy to commit and difficult and expensive to track down: at [83].
     

  2. In the case of R v Hinchliffe [2013] NSWCCA 327 at [279]; R v Glynatsis (2013) 230 A Crim R 99 at [73]–[76], the Court held that in serious cases of white-collar crime, the purposes of punishment are best met by way of the imposition of full-time imprisonment rather than an intensive correction order. 
     

  3. Justice McCallum in R v Curtis (No 3) [2016] NSWSC 866 at [51] stated that; general deterrence is another matter. The efficacy of punishment as a deterrent to others has been doubted in some contexts; to a degree, I share those doubts.  In my view, however, punishment by a sentence of imprisonment has real bite as a deterrent to others in the case of white-collar crime. White-collar crime is a field in which, perhaps more than any other, offending is often a choice freely made by well-educated people from privileged backgrounds, prompted by greed rather than the more pernicious influences of poverty, mental illness or addiction that grip other communities. The threat of being sent to gaol, provided it is perceived as a real threat and not one judges will hesitate to enforce, is likely to operate as a powerful deterrent to men and women of business.
     

Factors universally applicable to fraud charges.
 

  1. The amount of money involved (R v Hawkins (1989) 45 A Crim R 430, R v Mungomery (2004) 151 A Crim R 376 at [40], R v Woodman [2001] NSWCCA 310, R v Finnie [2002] NSWCCA 533 at [59]).
     

  2. The length of time over the offences are committed: R v Pont (2000) 121 A Crim R 302 at [74], [75], R v Mungomery (2004) 151 A Crim R 376 at [40].
     

  3. What is the motive for the crime: R v Mears (1991) 53 A Crim R 141 at 145, R v Hill [2004] NSWCCA 257 at [6], R v Woodman [2001] NSWCCA 310 at [29].
     

  4. The degree of planning and sophistication: R v Mille (unrep, 1/5/98, NSWCCA), R v Pont (2000) 121 A Crim R 302 at [43]–[44], R v Murtaza [2001] NSWCCA 336 at [15].
     

  5. An accompanying breach of trust: R v El-Rashid (unrep, 7/4/95, NSWCCA), R v Pont (2000) 121 A Crim R 302, R v Hawkins (1989) 45 A Crim R 430.

 

The cases where company’s director committed breach of trust;
 
  1. In R v Pantano (1990) 49 A Crim R 328, at 330, Justice Wood expressed an opinion that those involved in serious white-collar crime must expect condign sentences. The commercial world expects executives and employees in positions of trust, no matter how young they may be, to conform to exacting standards of honesty…. Executives and trusted employees who give way to temptation cannot pass the blame to lax security on the part of management. The element of general deterrence is an important element of sentencing for such offences.
     
  2. R v Houghton [2000] NSWCCA 62.  In this case, a company director involved a conduct fraudulently applying company property. An offender was convicted for 26 counts under s 173 Crimes Act 1900. his sentence was confirmed as a non-parole period of 18 months with a balance of term of six months. Justice Barr in this case, with Fitzgerald JA and Abadee J said at [19]: “sentences imposed for offences involving such serious and persistent breaches of trust must be sufficient to deter others from offending, not least because they are so difficult to detect”.
     
  3. R v Law (unrep, 7/10/93, NSWCCA) involved an offence under s 176A Crimes Act 1900 where the offender, a company director, defrauded clients and insurers of $180,000.  his sentence was two years and six months with a balance of term of 18 months. A Justice in this case, referred to the principles governing breaches of trust in white collar crime cases like R v Pantano (1990) 49 A Crim R 328 and R v Halabi (unrep, 17/2/92, NSWCCA) and Jjustice Carruthers concluded that a lengthy custodial sentence was inevitable having referred to the objective seriousness of the circumstances where the offences committed.
     
  4. In R v Giam (No 2) (1999), Justice Dunford stated that an offence under s 176A of Crimes Act 1900 (repealed), courts have drawn attention in the past to the seriousness of white collar crime, and offences under s 176A in particular, as it involves not only fraud but also breach of the trust involved in being a director of a company. Such offences call for significant sentences, particularly where the amount fraudulently obtained is large.

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